Tchem PRKG1 cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1

Protein Summary

Description

Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as key mediator of the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling pathway. GMP binding activates PRKG1, which phosphorylates serines and threonines on many cellular proteins. Numerous protein targets for PRKG1 phosphorylation are implicated in modulating cellular calcium, but the contribution of each of these targets may vary substantially among cell types. Proteins that are phosphorylated by PRKG1 regulate platelet activation and adhesion, smooth muscle contraction, cardiac function, gene expression, feedback of the NO-signaling pathway, and other processes involved in several aspects of the CNS like axon guidance, hippocampal and cerebellar learning, circadian rhythm and nociception. Smooth muscle relaxation is mediated through lowering of intracellular free calcium, by desensitization of contractile proteins to calcium, and by decrease in the contractile state of smooth muscle or in platelet activation. Regulates intracellular calcium levels via several pathways: phosphorylates MRVI1/IRAG and inhibits IP3-induced Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores, phosphorylation of KCNMA1 (BKCa) channels decreases intracellular Ca(2+) levels, which leads to increased opening of this channel. PRKG1 phosphorylates the canonical transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) family which inactivates the associated inward calcium current. Another mode of action of NO/cGMP/PKGI signaling involves PKGI-mediated inactivation of the Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA). Phosphorylation of RHOA by PRKG1 blocks the action of this protein in myriad processes: regulation of RHOA translocation; decreasing contraction; controlling vesicle trafficking, reduction of myosin light chain phosphorylation resulting in vasorelaxation. Activation of PRKG1 by NO signaling alters also gene expression in a number of tissues. In smooth muscle cells, increased cGMP and PRKG1 activity influence expression of smooth muscle-specific contractile proteins, levels of proteins in the NO/cGMP signaling pathway, down-regulation of the matrix proteins osteopontin and thrombospondin-1 to limit smooth muscle cell migration and phenotype. Regulates vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) functions in platelets and smooth muscle. Mammals have three different isoforms of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (Ialpha, Ibeta, and II). These PRKG isoforms act as key mediators of the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway and are important components of many signal transduction processes in diverse cell types. This PRKG1 gene on human chromosome 10 encodes the soluble Ialpha and Ibeta isoforms of PRKG by alternative transcript splicing. A separate gene on human chromosome 4, PRKG2, encodes the membrane-bound PRKG isoform II. The PRKG1 proteins play a central role in regulating cardiovascular and neuronal functions in addition to relaxing smooth muscle tone, preventing platelet aggregation, and modulating cell growth. This gene is most strongly expressed in all types of smooth muscle, platelets, cerebellar Purkinje cells, hippocampal neurons, and the lateral amygdala. Isoforms Ialpha and Ibeta have identical cGMP-binding and catalytic domains but differ in their leucine/isoleucine zipper and autoinhibitory sequences and therefore differ in their dimerization substrates and kinase enzyme activity. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• Q13976
• A5YM56
• B3KSF3
• E2PU10
• P14619
• Q5JP05
• Q5JSJ6
• Q6P5T7
• cGK 1

Gene Name

• PRKG1

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000373980
• ENSP00000363092
• ENSG00000185532
• ENST00000373985
• ENSP00000363097
• ENST00000401604
• ENSP00000384200
• ENST00000646535
• ENSP00000493966

Symbol

• PRKG1B
• PRKGR1A
• PRKGR1B
• PKG
• cGK
• AAT8
• PKG1
• cGK1
• cGKI
• cGK 1
• PRKG1B
• PRKGR1B
• cGKI-BETA
• cGKI-alpha

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
protein domain	1
trait	1
molecular function	0.99
gene perturbation	0.89
hub protein	0.82

Protein Classes

DTO Classes

Protein / Kinase / Protein Kinase / Agc Group / Pkg Family / Cgmp-dependent Protein Kinase 1

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 754.58   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 105   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 306   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 754.58   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 105   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 306   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 19

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligands: 27

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 1