Tchem ENPP2 Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2

Protein Summary

Description

Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce the signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids (PubMed:15769751, PubMed:26371182, PubMed:27754931). Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine (PubMed:12176993, PubMed:27754931). Also can act on sphingosylphosphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP (PubMed:15769751, PubMed:12176993). Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation (PubMed:11559573). Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein (PubMed:1733949). May have a role in induction of parturition (PubMed:12176993). Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development (Probable). Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor (PubMed:1733949, PubMed:11559573). The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• Q13822
• A8UHA1
• E9PHP7
• Q13827
• Q14555
• Q15117
• Q9UCQ8
• Q9UCR0
• Q9UCR1
• Q9UCR2
• Q9UCR3
• Q9UCR4
• E-NPP 2

Gene Name

• ENPP2

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000075322
• ENSP00000075322
• ENSG00000136960
• ENST00000259486
• ENSP00000259486
• ENST00000522826
• ENSP00000428291

Symbol

• ATX
• PDNP2
• ATX
• NPP2
• ATX-X
• PDNP2
• LysoPLD
• AUTOTAXIN
• PD-IALPHA

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
protein domain	0.99
gene perturbation	0.98
molecular function	0.98
transcription factor perturbation	0.94
small molecule perturbation	0.86

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Hydrolase / Pyrophosphatase / Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase Family Member 2

Protein / Hydrolase / Phosphatase / Nucleotide Phosphatase / Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase Family Member 2

DTO Classes

Protein / Enzyme / Hydrolase / Phosphatase / Nucleotide Phosphatase / Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase Family Member 2

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 734.8   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 171   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 428   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 734.8   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 171   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 428   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 21

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligands: 535

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 1