Tbio ADAR Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase

Protein Summary

Description

Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing (PubMed:7972084, PubMed:7565688, PubMed:12618436). This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities. Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Its viral RNA substrates include: hepatitis C virus (HCV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), measles virus (MV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Exhibits either a proviral (HDV, MV, VSV and HIV-1) or an antiviral effect (HCV) and this can be editing-dependent (HDV and HCV), editing-independent (VSV and MV) or both (HIV-1). Impairs HCV replication via RNA editing at multiple sites. Enhances the replication of MV, VSV and HIV-1 through an editing-independent mechanism via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function. Stimulates both the release and infectivity of HIV-1 viral particles by an editing-dependent mechanism where it associates with viral RNAs and edits adenosines in the 5'UTR and the Rev and Tat coding sequence. Can enhance viral replication of HDV via A-to-I editing at a site designated as amber/W, thereby changing an UAG amber stop codon to an UIG tryptophan (W) codon that permits synthesis of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg) which has a key role in the assembly of viral particles. However, high levels of ADAR1 inhibit HDV replication. This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for RNA editing by site-specific deamination of adenosines. This enzyme destabilizes double-stranded RNA through conversion of adenosine to inosine. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• P55265
• B1AQQ9
• B1AQR0
• D3DV76
• O15223
• O43859
• O43860
• Q9BYM3
• Q9BYM4
• DRADA

Gene Name

• ADAR

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000368471
• ENSP00000357456
• ENSG00000160710
• ENST00000368474
• ENSP00000357459
• ENST00000529168
• ENSP00000431794
• ENST00000647597
• ENSP00000497276
• ENST00000648231
• ENSP00000497555
• ENST00000648311
• ENSP00000498137
• ENST00000649042
• ENSP00000497790
• ENST00000649593
• ENSP00000497589
• ENST00000649724
• ENSP00000497932
• ENST00000649749
• ENSP00000497210

Symbol

• ADAR1
• DSRAD
• G1P1
• IFI4
• DSH
• AGS6
• G1P1
• IFI4
• P136
• ADAR1
• DRADA
• DSRAD
• IFI-4
• K88DSRBP

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
disease perturbation	1
virus perturbation	1
biological process	0.96
transcription factor binding site profile	0.91
biological term	0.82

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Nucleic Acid Binding / Rna Binding Protein / Double-stranded Rna-specific Adenosine Deaminase

Protein / Nucleic Acid Binding / Dna Binding Protein / Double-stranded Rna-specific Adenosine Deaminase

Protein / Hydrolase / Deaminase / Double-stranded Rna-specific Adenosine Deaminase

Protein / Enzyme Modulator / Kinase Modulator / Kinase Activator / Double-stranded Rna-specific Adenosine Deaminase

Protein / Defense/immunity Protein / Double-stranded Rna-specific Adenosine Deaminase

DTO Classes

Protein / Enzyme / Hydrolase / Deaminase / Double-stranded Rna-specific Adenosine Deaminase

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 1061.75   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 283   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 249   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 1061.75   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 283   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 249   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 21

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligand: 0

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 0