Tchem F2RL1 Proteinase-activated receptor 2

Protein Summary

Description

Receptor for trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes coupled to G proteins (PubMed:28445455). Its function is mediated through the activation of several signaling pathways including phospholipase C (PLC), intracellular calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB and Rho (PubMed:28445455). Can also be transactivated by cleaved F2R/PAR1. Involved in modulation of inflammatory responses and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and acts as a sensor for proteolytic enzymes generated during infection. Generally is promoting inflammation. Can signal synergistically with TLR4 and probably TLR2 in inflammatory responses and modulates TLR3 signaling. Has a protective role in establishing the endothelial barrier; the activity involves coagulation factor X. Regulates endothelial cell barrier integrity during neutrophil extravasation, probably following proteolytic cleavage by PRTN3 (PubMed:23202369). Proposed to have a bronchoprotective role in airway epithelium, but also shown to compromise the airway epithelial barrier by interrupting E-cadherin adhesion (PubMed:10086357). Involved in the regulation of vascular tone; activation results in hypotension presumably mediated by vasodilation. Associates with a subset of G proteins alpha subunits such as GNAQ, GNA11, GNA14, GNA12 and GNA13, but probably not with G(o) alpha, G(i) subunit alpha-1 and G(i) subunit alpha-2. However, according to PubMed:21627585 can signal through G(i) subunit alpha. Believed to be a class B receptor which internalizes as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomal vesicles, presumably as desensitized receptor, for extended periods of time. Mediates inhibition of TNF-alpha stimulated JNK phosphorylation via coupling to GNAQ and GNA11; the function involves dissociation of RIPK1 and TRADD from TNFR1. Mediates phosphorylation of nuclear factor NF-kappa-B RELA subunit at 'Ser-536'; the function involves IKBKB and is predominantly independent of G proteins. Involved in cellular migration. Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis through beta-arrestin-promoted scaffolds; the function is independent of GNAQ and GNA11 and involves promotion of cofilin dephosphorylation and actin filament severing. Induces redistribution of COPS5 from the plasma membrane to the cytosol and activation of the JNK cascade is mediated by COPS5. Involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of inflammation and is the major PAR receptor capable of modulating eosinophil function such as proinflammatory cytokine secretion, superoxide production and degranulation. During inflammation promotes dendritic cell maturation, trafficking to the lymph nodes and subsequent T-cell activation. Involved in antimicrobial response of innate immnune cells; activation enhances phagocytosis of Gram-positive and killing of Gram-negative bacteria. Acts synergistically with interferon-gamma in enhancing antiviral responses. Implicated in a number of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases such as of the joints, lungs, brain, gastrointestinal tract, periodontium, skin, and vascular systems, and in autoimmune disorders. This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family of proteins. The encoded cell surface receptor is activated through proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular amino terminus, resulting in a new amino terminus that acts as a tethered ligand that binds to an extracellular loop domain. Activation of the receptor has been shown to stimulate vascular smooth muscle relaxation, dilate blood vessels, increase blood flow, and lower blood pressure. This protein is also important in the inflammatory response, as well as innate and adaptive immunity. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• P55085
• Q13317
• Q13346
• Q53XJ8
• PAR-2

Gene Name

• F2RL1

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000296677
• ENSP00000296677
• ENSG00000164251

Symbol

• GPR11
• PAR2
• PAR2
• GPR11

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
biological process	1
biological term	0.99
PubMedID	0.95
gene perturbation	0.93
transcription factor perturbation	0.88

Protein Classes

DTO Classes

Protein / G-protein Coupled Receptor / Class A Rhodopsin Like / Proteinase-activated Receptor / Proteinase-activated Receptor 2

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 289.07   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 352   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 301   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 289.07   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 352   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 301   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 58

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligands: 38

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 0