Tchem GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Protein Summary

Description

Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules (By similarity). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation. This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• P04406
• E7EUT4
• P00354
• Q53X65
• GAPDH

Gene Name

• GAPDH

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000229239
• ENSP00000229239
• ENSG00000111640
• ENST00000396858
• ENSP00000380067
• ENST00000396859
• ENSP00000380068
• ENST00000396861
• ENSP00000380070
• ENST00000619601
• ENSP00000478864

Symbol

• GAPD
• G3PD
• GAPD
• HEL-S-162eP

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
disease perturbation	1
hub protein	1
interacting protein	1
chemical	0.96
kinase perturbation	0.95

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Oxidoreductase / Dehydrogenase / Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase

DTO Classes

Protein / Enzyme / Oxidoreductase / Dehydrogenase / Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 11350.59   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 131   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 2468   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 11350.59   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 131   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 2468   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 25

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligands: 5

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 0

Protein Sequence and Structure

Residue Counts

Protein Sequence

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Expression Data (0 Tissues)

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No expression data found

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Target Illumination GWAS Analytics (TIGA)

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GENEVA

GENEVA (GENe Expression Variance Analysis) allows you to identify RNA-sequencing datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) that contain conditions modulating a gene or a gene signature.

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GlyGen

GlyGen is a data integration and dissemination project for carbohydrate and glycoconjugate related data.

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ARCHS4

ARCHS4 provides access to gene-function predictions based on RNA-seq co-expression, and gene expression levels across cell and tissues.

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Approved Drugs (0)

No approved drugs found

Active Ligands (5)

Explore Active Ligands

1 – 5 of 5

NAD+ analogue

GAPDHTchem Enzyme

pIC50 : 7.22

Adenosine analogue

GAPDHTchem Enzyme

pIC50 : 7

CHEMBL3142964

GAPDHTchem Enzyme

pIC50 : 6.52

CHEMBL124807

GAPDHTchem Enzyme

pIC50 : 6.3

2-phenoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone

GAPDHTchem Enzyme

pIC50 : 6.23

Protein-Protein Interactions (1596)

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1 – 10 of 1596

• See Interactions on String-DB

GAPDHS

Tbio

Family:  Enzyme

Novelty:  0.00885959

p_int:  0.999999808

p_ni:  1.75e-7

p_wrong:  1.7e-8

Score:  0.844

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

ASPSCR1

Tbio

Novelty:  0.01172319

p_int:  0.993715189

p_ni:  0.006284811

Score:  0.595

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

RABGGTA

Tdark

Family:  Enzyme

Novelty:  0.19962321

p_int:  0.913290897

p_ni:  0.086709103

Score:  0.211

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

ZIC1

Tbio

Family:  TF

Novelty:  0.00491601

p_int:  0.769814755

p_ni:  0.230185245

Score:  0.378

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

TPI1

Tbio

Family:  Enzyme

Novelty:  0.00074652

Score:  0.999

Data Source:  STRINGDB

PGK1

Tchem

Family:  Kinase

Novelty:  0.00113494

Score:  0.998

Data Source:  STRINGDB

ALDOA

Tbio

Family:  Enzyme

Novelty:  0.00517474

Score:  0.995

Data Source:  STRINGDB

ENO1

Tchem

Family:  Enzyme

Novelty:  0.00109178

Score:  0.995

Data Source:  STRINGDB

RPL13A

Tbio

Novelty:  0.00503698

Score:  0.99

Data Source:  STRINGDB

GPI

Tbio

Family:  Enzyme

Novelty:  0.00095404

Score:  0.986

Data Source:  STRINGDB

Nearest Tclin Targets

Nearest Tclin calculations are only available for targets with KEGG Pathway annotations.

Pathways (27)

Reactome (5)

KEGG (6)

PathwayCommons (8)

UniProt (1)

WikiPathways (7)

Gluconeogenesis (R-HSA-70263)

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5

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Data Source	Name	Explore in Pharos	Explore in Source
Reactome	Gluconeogenesis	34 targets	R-HSA-70263
Reactome	Glucose metabolism	92 targets	R-HSA-70326
Reactome	Glycolysis	72 targets	R-HSA-70171
Reactome	Metabolism	2112 targets	R-HSA-1430728
Reactome	Metabolism of carbohydrates	293 targets	R-HSA-71387

Name	Explore in Pharos	Explore in Source
Gluconeogenesis	34 targets	R-HSA-70263
Glucose metabolism	92 targets	R-HSA-70326
Glycolysis	72 targets	R-HSA-70171
Metabolism	2112 targets	R-HSA-1430728
Metabolism of carbohydrates	293 targets	R-HSA-71387

Viral Interactions (0)

No viral interactions found

Gene Ontology Terms (39)

Functions (8)

Components (14)

Processes (17)

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Items per page:

10

1 – 8 of 8

GO Term	Evidence	Assigned by
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	Inferred from Experiment (EXP)	Reactome
aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	Inferred from Direct Assay (IDA)	UniProtKB
disordered domain specific binding	Inferred from Physical Interaction (IPI)	CAFA
identical protein binding	Inferred from Physical Interaction (IPI)	IntAct
microtubule binding	Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity (ISS)	UniProtKB
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity	Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity (ISS)	UniProtKB
NAD binding	Inferred from Electronic Annotation (IEA)	InterPro
NADP binding	Inferred from Electronic Annotation (IEA)	InterPro

Disease Associations ()

No disease associations found

GWAS Traits (9)

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5

1 – 5 of 9

GWAS Trait	EFO ID	Study Count	SNP Count	Beta Count	Odds Ratio	Evidence (Mean Rank Score)	Provenance
high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement	EFO_0004612	1	1	1		67.1
mean corpuscular volume	EFO_0004526	1	1	1		57.3
red blood cell distribution width	EFO_0005192	1	1	1		56.8
triglyceride measurement	EFO_0004530	1	1	1		53.3
heel bone mineral density	EFO_0009270	2	2	2		47.5

• Explore on Target Illumination GWAS Analytics (TIGA)

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5

1 – 5 of 9

GWAS Trait	EFO ID	Beta Count	Odds Ratio	Evidence (Mean Rank Score)	Provenance
high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement	EFO_0004612	1		67.1
mean corpuscular volume	EFO_0004526	1		57.3
red blood cell distribution width	EFO_0005192	1		56.8
triglyceride measurement	EFO_0004530	1		53.3
heel bone mineral density	EFO_0009270	2		47.5

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UniProt Keyword Find Similar Targets

No Header	No Header
3D-structure
Acetylation
ADP-ribosylation
Alternative splicing
Apoptosis
Complete proteome
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Direct protein sequencing
Glycolysis

GWAS Trait Find Similar Targets

No Header	No Header
apolipoprotein A 1 measurement
cortical surface area measurement
heel bone mineral density
high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
mean corpuscular volume
mean reticulocyte volume
red blood cell distribution width
triglyceride measurement
type II diabetes mellitus

MGI Phenotype Find Similar Targets

No Header	No Header
hematopoietic system phenotype
homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
mortality/aging

IDG Resources

No IDG generated resources found

Orthologs (8)

1 – 5 of 8

Species	Name	Source ID	Gene ID	OMA	EggNOG	Inparanoid
Chimp	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	VGNC:5396	451783
Macaque	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase		574353
Dog	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like		100688969
Cow	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase		281181
Chicken	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	CGNC:49077	374193

Species	Name	OMA	EggNOG	Inparanoid
Chimp	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Macaque	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Dog	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like
Cow	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Chicken	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Publication Statistics

PubMed Score 11350.59

PubMed score by year

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PubTator Score 2556.29

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Related Publications

Text Mined References (263)

GeneRif Annotations (131)

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PMID	Year	Title