Tbio HP Haptoglobin

Protein Summary

Description

As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an antioxidant, has antibacterial activity, and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidly cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway. The uncleaved form of allele alpha-2 (2-2), known as zonulin, plays a role in intestinal permeability, allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly, and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens. This gene encodes a preproprotein, which is processed to yield both alpha and beta chains, which subsequently combine as a tetramer to produce haptoglobin. Haptoglobin functions to bind free plasma hemoglobin, which allows degradative enzymes to gain access to the hemoglobin, while at the same time preventing loss of iron through the kidneys and protecting the kidneys from damage by hemoglobin. Mutations in this gene and/or its regulatory regions cause ahaptoglobinemia or hypohaptoglobinemia. This gene has also been linked to diabetic nephropathy, the incidence of coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease, inflammatory disease behavior, primary sclerosing cholangitis, susceptibility to idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The protein encoded also exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria. A similar duplicated gene is located next to this gene on chromosome 16. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• P00738
• B0AZL5
• P00737
• Q0VAC4
• Q0VAC5
• Q2PP15
• Q3B7J0
• Q6LBY9
• Q9UC67

Gene Name

• HP

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000355906
• ENSP00000348170
• ENSG00000257017
• ENST00000398131
• ENSP00000381199
• ENST00000570083
• ENSP00000457629

Symbol

• BP
• HPA1S
• HP2ALPHA2

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
biological term	0.99
disease	0.81
small molecule perturbation	0.79
cellular component	0.7
tissue	0.66

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Hydrolase / Protease / Serine Protease / Haptoglobin

DTO Classes

Protein / Enzyme / Protease / Serine Protease / Haptoglobin

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 6582.15   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 330   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 1077   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 6582.15   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 330   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 1077   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 14

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligand: 0

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 0