Tchem LGALS9 Galectin-9

Protein Summary

Description

Binds galactosides (PubMed:18005988). Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide (PubMed:18005988). Ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 (PubMed:16286920). Binding to HAVCR2 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death (PubMed:16286920). Also stimulates bactericidal activity in infected macrophages by causing macrophage activation and IL1B secretion which restricts intracellular bacterial growth (By similarity). Ligand for P4HB; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T-helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (PubMed:21670307). Ligand for CD44; the interaction enhances binding of SMAD3 to the FOXP3 promoter, leading to up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and increased induced regulatory T (iTreg) cell stability and suppressive function (By similarity). Promotes ability of mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation (PubMed:23817958). Expands regulatory T-cells and induces cytotoxic T-cell apoptosis following virus infection (PubMed:20209097). Activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation inducing cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) and chemokine (CCL2) production in mast and dendritic cells (PubMed:24465902, PubMed:16116184). Inhibits degranulation and induces apoptosis of mast cells (PubMed:24465902). Induces maturation and migration of dendritic cells (PubMed:25754930, PubMed:16116184). Inhibits natural killer (NK) cell function (PubMed:23408620). Can transform NK cell phenotype from peripheral to decidual during pregnancy (PubMed:25578313). Astrocyte derived galectin-9 enhances microglial TNF production (By similarity). May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. May provide the molecular basis for urate flux across cell membranes, allowing urate that is formed during purine metabolism to efflux from cells and serving as an electrogenic transporter that plays an important role in renal and gastrointestinal urate excretion (By similarity). Highly selective to the anion urate (By similarity). Isoform 2: Acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant (PubMed:9642261). It also inhibits angiogenesis (PubMed:24333696). Suppresses IFNG production by natural killer cells (By similarity). The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• O00182
• A7VJG6
• F8W9W4
• O14532
• O75028
• Q3B8N1
• Q53FQ0
• Q8WYQ7
• Q9NQ58
• Gal-9

Gene Name

• LGALS9

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000302228
• ENSP00000306228
• ENSG00000168961
• ENST00000313648
• ENSP00000318214
• ENST00000395473
• ENSP00000378856

Symbol

• HUAT
• LGALS9A

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
virus perturbation	1
biological term	0.8
PubMedID	0.74
tissue	0.6
gene perturbation	0.58

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Signaling Molecule / Galectin-9

Protein / Cell Adhesion Molecule / Galectin-9

DTO Classes

Protein / Signaling / Galectin-9

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 287   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 135   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 552   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 287   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 135   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 552   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 48

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligands: 4

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 0

Protein Sequence and Structure

Residue Counts

Protein Sequence

Find Targets by Sequence

Show Full Sequence

ProtVista Viewer

Expression Data (0 Tissues)

tutorial

No expression data found

Related Tools

GENEVA

GENEVA (GENe Expression Variance Analysis) allows you to identify RNA-sequencing datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) that contain conditions modulating a gene or a gene signature.

Go To Tool

GlyGen

GlyGen is a data integration and dissemination project for carbohydrate and glycoconjugate related data.

Go To Tool

ARCHS4

ARCHS4 provides access to gene-function predictions based on RNA-seq co-expression, and gene expression levels across cell and tissues.

Go To Tool

Approved Drugs (0)

No approved drugs found

Active Ligands (4)

Explore Active Ligands

1 – 4 of 4

CHEMBL1253187

LGALS9Tchem

pKd : 6.13

CHEMBL1253923

LGALS9Tchem

pKd : 6.04

CHEMBL444662

LGALS9Tchem

pKd : 6.14

CHEMBL1253743

LGALS9Tchem

pKd : 6.28

Protein-Protein Interactions (125)

Explore Interacting Targets

1 – 10 of 125

• See Interactions on String-DB

PBK

Tchem

Family:  Kinase

Novelty:  0.00278659

p_int:  0.999999447

p_ni:  2e-9

p_wrong:  5.51e-7

Score:  0.219

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

DAG1

Tbio

Family:  Enzyme

Novelty:  0.00149278

p_int:  0.999999289

p_ni:  7.11e-7

Data Source:  BioPlex

PTPRJ

Tbio

Family:  Enzyme

Novelty:  0.00786921

p_int:  0.999996753

p_ni:  0.000003188

p_wrong:  6e-8

Score:  0.552

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

LAMA1

Tbio

Novelty:  0.00852401

p_int:  0.999995247

p_ni:  0.000004752

Score:  0.53

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

LAMA4

Tbio

Novelty:  0.01288371

p_int:  0.999994866

p_ni:  0.000004862

p_wrong:  2.71e-7

Score:  0.219

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

CSPG4

Tbio

Novelty:  0.0038499

p_int:  0.999977861

p_ni:  0.000022139

Score:  0.219

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

NID2

Tbio

Novelty:  0.01638372

p_int:  0.999967004

p_ni:  0.000032785

p_wrong:  2.1e-7

Data Source:  BioPlex

CLCN3

Tchem

Family:  IC

Novelty:  0.00416196

p_int:  0.999965819

p_ni:  0.000034181

Score:  0.209

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

KIAA1549

Tbio

Novelty:  0.01224835

p_int:  0.999964994

p_ni:  0.000030487

p_wrong:  0.000004518

Score:  0.239

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

OSTM1

Tbio

Novelty:  0.03033192

p_int:  0.999961174

p_ni:  0.000027083

p_wrong:  0.000011743

Score:  0.219

Data Source:  BioPlex,STRINGDB

Nearest Tclin Targets

Nearest Tclin calculations are only available for targets with KEGG Pathway annotations.

Pathways (5)

Reactome (4)

WikiPathways (1)

Cytokine Signaling in Immune system (R-HSA-1280215)

Click on a row in the table to change the structure displayed.

Find Similar Targets

Items per page:

5

1 – 4 of 4

Data Source	Name	Explore in Pharos	Explore in Source
Reactome	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	922 targets	R-HSA-1280215
Reactome	Immune System	2246 targets	R-HSA-168256
Reactome	Interleukin-2 family signaling	44 targets	R-HSA-451927
Reactome	Signaling by Interleukins	619 targets	R-HSA-449147

Name	Explore in Pharos	Explore in Source
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	922 targets	R-HSA-1280215
Immune System	2246 targets	R-HSA-168256
Interleukin-2 family signaling	44 targets	R-HSA-451927
Signaling by Interleukins	619 targets	R-HSA-449147

Viral Interactions (0)

No viral interactions found

Gene Ontology Terms (53)

Functions (4)

Components (5)

Processes (44)

Find Similar Targets

Items per page:

10

1 – 4 of 4

GO Term	Evidence	Assigned by
carbohydrate binding	Inferred from Direct Assay (IDA)	UniProtKB
enzyme binding	Inferred from Physical Interaction (IPI)	UniProtKB
disaccharide binding	Inferred from Mutant Phenotype (IMP)	UniProtKB
galactose binding	Traceable Author Statement (TAS)	ProtInc

Disease Associations ()

No disease associations found

GWAS Traits (0)

No GWAS traits found

Find similar targets by:

UniProt Keyword Find Similar Targets

No Header	No Header
3D-structure
Alternative splicing
Chemotaxis
Complete proteome
Cytoplasm
Immunity
Lectin
Nucleus
Polymorphism
Reference proteome

MGI Phenotype Find Similar Targets

No Header	No Header
cellular phenotype
endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
hematopoietic system phenotype
immune system phenotype
skeleton phenotype

IDG Resources

No IDG generated resources found

Orthologs (10)

1 – 5 of 10

Species	Name	Source ID	Gene ID	OMA	EggNOG	Inparanoid
Chimp	galectin 9	VGNC:12400	454519
Macaque	galectin 9		100427967
Mouse	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	MGI:109496	16859
Rat	galectin 9	RGD:3005	25476
Dog	galectin 9		442861

Species	Name	OMA	EggNOG	Inparanoid
Chimp	galectin 9
Macaque	galectin 9
Mouse	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9
Rat	galectin 9
Dog	galectin 9

Publication Statistics

PubMed Score 287.00

PubMed score by year

Reset Zoom

PubTator Score 227.37

PubTator score by year

Reset Zoom

Related Publications

Text Mined References (145)

GeneRif Annotations (135)

Items per page:

10

0 of 0

PMID	Year	Title