Tchem GLUL Glutamine synthetase

Protein Summary

Description

Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine (PubMed:30158707, PubMed:16267323). Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts (PubMed:18662667). Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development: acts by regulating membrane localization and activation of the GTPase RHOJ, possibly by promoting RHOJ palmitoylation (PubMed:30158707). May act as a palmitoyltransferase for RHOJ: able to autopalmitoylate and then transfer the palmitoyl group to RHOJ (PubMed:30158707). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction. This protein plays a role in ammonia and glutamate detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. Glutamine is an abundant amino acid, and is important to the biosynthesis of several amino acids, pyrimidines, and purines. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency, and overexpression of this gene was observed in some primary liver cancer samples. There are six pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 2, 5, 9, 11, and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• P15104
• Q499Y9
• Q5T9Z1
• Q7Z3W4
• Q8IZ17
• GS

Gene Name

• GLUL

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000311223
• ENSP00000307900
• ENSG00000135821
• ENST00000331872
• ENSP00000356537
• ENST00000339526
• ENSP00000344958
• ENST00000417584
• ENSP00000398320

Symbol

• GLNS
• GS
• GLNS
• PIG43
• PIG59

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
kinase perturbation	1
molecular function	1
disease perturbation	0.99
transcription factor perturbation	0.97
PubMedID	0.95

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Ligase / Glutamine Synthetase

DTO Classes

Protein / Enzyme / Ligase / Glutamine Synthetase

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 1155.08   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 67   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 590   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 1155.08   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 67   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 590   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 21

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligands: 8

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drugs: 2