Tbio LTF Lactotransferrin

Protein Summary

Description

Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. Lactotransferrin is a major iron-binding and multifunctional protein found in exocrine fluids such as breast milk and mucosal secretions. Has antimicrobial activity, which depends on the extracellular cation concentration. Antimicrobial properties include bacteriostasis, which is related to its ability to sequester free iron and thus inhibit microbial growth, as well as direct bactericidal properties leading to the release of lipopolysaccharides from the bacterial outer membrane. Can also prevent bacterial biofilm development in P.aeruginosa infection. Has weak antifungal activity against C.albicans. Has anabolic, differentiating and anti-apoptotic effects on osteoblasts and can also inhibit osteoclastogenesis, possibly playing a role in the regulation of bone growth. Promotes binding of species C adenoviruses to epithelial cells, promoting adenovirus infection. Can inhibit papillomavirus infections. Stimulates the TLR4 signaling pathway leading to NF-kappa-B activation and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production while also interfering with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TLR4 signaling. Inhibits neutrophil granulocyte migration to sites of apoptosis, when secreted by apoptotic cells. Stimulates VEGFA-mediated endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Binds heparin, chondroitin sulfate and possibly other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Also binds specifically to pneumococcal surface protein A (pspA), the lipid A portion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lysozyme and DNA. Lactoferricin binds to the bacterial surface and is crucial for the bactericidal functions. Has some antiviral activity against papillomavirus infection. N-terminal region shows strong antifungal activity against C.albicans. Contains two BBXB heparin-binding consensus sequences that appear to form the predominate functional GAG-binding site. Kaliocin-1 has antimicrobial activity and is able to permeabilize different ions through liposomal membranes. Lactoferroxins A, B and C have opioid antagonist activity. Lactoferroxin A shows preference for mu-receptors, while lactoferroxin B and C have somewhat higher degrees of preference for kappa-receptors than for mu-receptors. The lactotransferrin transferrin-like domain 1 functions as a serine protease of the peptidase S60 family that cuts arginine rich regions. This function contributes to the antimicrobial activity. Shows a preferential cleavage at -Arg-Ser-Arg-Arg-|- and -Arg-Arg-Ser-Arg-|-, and of Z-Phe-Arg-|-aminomethylcoumarin sites. Isoform DeltaLf: transcription factor with antiproliferative properties and ability to induce cell cycle arrest. Binds to the DeltaLf response element found in the SKP1, BAX, DCPS, and SELENOH promoters. This gene is a member of the transferrin family of genes and its protein product is found in the secondary granules of neutrophils. The protein is a major iron-binding protein in milk and body secretions with an antimicrobial activity, making it an important component of the non-specific immune system. The protein demonstrates a broad spectrum of properties, including regulation of iron homeostasis, host defense against a broad range of microbial infections, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of cellular growth and differentiation and protection against cancer development and metastasis. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity has been found for this protein and its peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• P02788
• A8K9U8
• B2MV13
• B7Z4X2
• E7EQH5
• O00756
• Q16780
• Q16785
• Q16786
• Q16789
• Q5DSM0
• Q8IU92
• Q8IZH6
• Q8TCD2
• Q96KZ4
• Q96KZ5
• Q9H1Z3
• Q9UCY5
• Lactoferrin

Gene Name

• LTF

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000231751
• ENSP00000231751
• ENSG00000012223
• ENST00000426532
• ENSP00000405719

Symbol

• GIG12
• LF
• LF
• HLF2
• GIG12
• HEL110

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
biological process	1
PubMedID	1
biological term	0.97
molecular function	0.96
small molecule perturbation	0.86

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Transfer/carrier Protein / Lactotransferrin

Protein / Receptor / Lactotransferrin

Protein / ... / Serine Protease / Lactotransferrin

DTO Classes

Protein / Enzyme / Protease / Serine Protease / Lactotransferrin

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 1072.98   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 218   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 1219   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 1072.98   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 218   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 1219   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 45

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligand: 0

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 0