Tchem LGALS9 Galectin-9

Protein Summary

Description

Binds galactosides (PubMed:18005988). Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide (PubMed:18005988). Ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 (PubMed:16286920). Binding to HAVCR2 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death (PubMed:16286920). Also stimulates bactericidal activity in infected macrophages by causing macrophage activation and IL1B secretion which restricts intracellular bacterial growth (By similarity). Ligand for P4HB; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T-helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (PubMed:21670307). Ligand for CD44; the interaction enhances binding of SMAD3 to the FOXP3 promoter, leading to up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and increased induced regulatory T (iTreg) cell stability and suppressive function (By similarity). Promotes ability of mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation (PubMed:23817958). Expands regulatory T-cells and induces cytotoxic T-cell apoptosis following virus infection (PubMed:20209097). Activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation inducing cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) and chemokine (CCL2) production in mast and dendritic cells (PubMed:24465902, PubMed:16116184). Inhibits degranulation and induces apoptosis of mast cells (PubMed:24465902). Induces maturation and migration of dendritic cells (PubMed:25754930, PubMed:16116184). Inhibits natural killer (NK) cell function (PubMed:23408620). Can transform NK cell phenotype from peripheral to decidual during pregnancy (PubMed:25578313). Astrocyte derived galectin-9 enhances microglial TNF production (By similarity). May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. May provide the molecular basis for urate flux across cell membranes, allowing urate that is formed during purine metabolism to efflux from cells and serving as an electrogenic transporter that plays an important role in renal and gastrointestinal urate excretion (By similarity). Highly selective to the anion urate (By similarity). Isoform 2: Acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant (PubMed:9642261). It also inhibits angiogenesis (PubMed:24333696). Suppresses IFNG production by natural killer cells (By similarity). The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The protein encoded by this gene is an S-type lectin. It is overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue and might participate in the interaction between the H&RS cells with their surrounding cells and might thus play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its associated immunodeficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• O00182
• A7VJG6
• F8W9W4
• O14532
• O75028
• Q3B8N1
• Q53FQ0
• Q8WYQ7
• Q9NQ58
• Gal-9

Gene Name

• LGALS9

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000302228
• ENSP00000306228
• ENSG00000168961
• ENST00000313648
• ENSP00000318214
• ENST00000395473
• ENSP00000378856

Symbol

• HUAT
• LGALS9A

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
virus perturbation	1
biological term	0.8
PubMedID	0.74
tissue	0.6
gene perturbation	0.58

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Signaling Molecule / Galectin-9

Protein / Cell Adhesion Molecule / Galectin-9

DTO Classes

Protein / Signaling / Galectin-9

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 310.22   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 224   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 552   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 310.22   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 224   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 552   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 48

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligands: 4

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 0