Tbio PLEC Plectin

Protein Summary

Description

Interlinks intermediate filaments with microtubules and microfilaments and anchors intermediate filaments to desmosomes or hemidesmosomes. Could also bind muscle proteins such as actin to membrane complexes in muscle. May be involved not only in the filaments network, but also in the regulation of their dynamics. Structural component of muscle. Isoform 9 plays a major role in the maintenance of myofiber integrity. Plectin is a prominent member of an important family of structurally and in part functionally related proteins, termed plakins or cytolinkers, that are capable of interlinking different elements of the cytoskeleton. Plakins, with their multi-domain structure and enormous size, not only play crucial roles in maintaining cell and tissue integrity and orchestrating dynamic changes in cytoarchitecture and cell shape, but also serve as scaffolding platforms for the assembly, positioning, and regulation of signaling complexes (reviewed in PMID: 9701547, 11854008, and 17499243). Plectin is expressed as several protein isoforms in a wide range of cell types and tissues from a single gene located on chromosome 8 in humans (PMID: 8633055, 8698233). Until 2010, this locus was named plectin 1 (symbol PLEC1 in human; Plec1 in mouse and rat) and the gene product had been referred to as "hemidesmosomal protein 1" or "plectin 1, intermediate filament binding 500kDa". These names were superseded by plectin. The plectin gene locus in mouse on chromosome 15 has been analyzed in detail (PMID: 10556294, 14559777), revealing a genomic exon-intron organization with well over 40 exons spanning over 62 kb and an unusual 5' transcript complexity of plectin isoforms. Eleven exons (1-1j) have been identified that alternatively splice directly into a common exon 2 which is the first exon to encode plectin's highly conserved actin binding domain (ABD). Three additional exons (-1, 0a, and 0) splice into an alternative first coding exon (1c), and two additional exons (2alpha and 3alpha) are optionally spliced within the exons encoding the acting binding domain (exons 2-8). Analysis of the human locus has identified eight of the eleven alternative 5' exons found in mouse and rat (PMID: 14672974); exons 1i, 1j and 1h have not been confirmed in human. Furthermore, isoforms lacking the central rod domain encoded by exon 31 have been detected in mouse (PMID:10556294), rat (PMID: 9177781), and human (PMID: 11441066, 10780662, 20052759). The short alternative amino-terminal sequences encoded by the different first exons direct the targeting of the various isoforms to distinct subcellular locations (PMID: 14559777). As the expression of specific plectin isoforms was found to be dependent on cell type (tissue) and stage of development (PMID: 10556294, 12542521, 17389230) it appears that each cell type (tissue) contains a unique set (proportion and composition) of plectin isoforms, as if custom-made for specific requirements of the particular cells. Concordantly, individual isoforms were found to carry out distinct and specific functions (PMID: 14559777, 12542521, 18541706). In 1996, a number of groups reported that patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD) lacked plectin expression in skin and muscle tissues due to defects in the plectin gene (PMID: 8698233, 8941634, 8636409, 8894687, 8696340). Two other subtypes of plectin-related EBS have been described: EBS-pyloric atresia (PA) and EBS-Ogna. For reviews of plectin-related diseases see PMID: 15810881, 19945614. Mutations in the plectin gene related to human diseases should be named based on the position in NM_000445 (variant 1, isoform 1c), unless the mutation is located within one of the other alternative first exons, in which case the position in the respective Reference Sequence should be used. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

Uniprot Accession IDs

• Q15149
• Q15148
• Q16640
• Q6S376
• Q6S377
• Q6S378
• Q6S379
• Q6S380
• Q6S381
• Q6S382
• Q6S383
• PCN

Gene Name

• PLEC

Ensembl ID

• ENST00000322810
• ENSP00000323856
• ENSG00000178209
• ENST00000345136
• ENSP00000344848
• ENST00000354589
• ENSP00000346602
• ENST00000354958
• ENSP00000347044
• ENST00000356346
• ENSP00000348702
• ENST00000357649
• ENSP00000350277
• ENST00000398774
• ENSP00000381756
• ENST00000436759
• ENSP00000388180
• ENST00000527096
• ENSP00000434583

Symbol

• PLEC1
• HD1
• PCN
• EBS1
• EBSO
• PLTN
• EBSMD
• EBSND
• EBSOG
• EBSPA
• PLEC1
• LGMD2Q
• PLEC1b
• LGMDR17

Knowledge Table

Most Knowledge About	Knowledge Value (0 to 1 scale)
hub protein	1
ligand (protein) perturbation	0.99
drug perturbation	0.96
transcription factor binding site profile	0.96
transcription factor perturbation	0.91

Protein Classes

PANTHER Classes

Protein / Cytoskeletal Protein / Intermediate Filament / Intermediate Filament Binding Protein / Plectin

DTO Classes

Protein / Cellular Structure / Intermediate Filament / Intermediate Filament Binding Protein / Plectin

IDG Development Level Summary

Tdark

These are targets about which virtually nothing is known. They do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 551.2   (req: < 5)

Gene RIFs: 67   (req: <= 3)

Antibodies: 180   (req: <= 50)

Tbio

These targets do not have known drug or small molecule activities
- AND - satisfy two or more of the following criteria:

Pubmed score: 551.2   (req: >= 5)

Gene RIFs: 67   (req: > 3)

Antibodies: 180   (req: > 50)

- OR - satisfy the following criterion:

Gene Ontology Terms: 10

Tchem

Target has at least one ChEMBL compound with an activity cutoff of < 30 nM - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Ligand: 0

Tclin

Target has at least one approved drug - AND - satisfies the preceding conditions

Active Drug: 0